For the purpose of investigating the influence of certain construction factors on the deformation of the stratum of rectangular shield pillarless tunnels, this paper combines the first case of rectangular shield pillarless tunnels in China with the use of the finite element software to establish a three-dimensional numerical simulation model of the soil body, tunnel tubes, grouting and other substitutes, and the simulation calculates and analyzes the influence of the construction factors such as the pressure of the grouting pressure, the pressure of the earth silo, and the conditions of the soil stratum on the deformation of the stratum. Based on the phenomenon of ground deformation and settlement, the problem of soil reinforcement for controlling the ground deformation caused by shield tunneling is proposed. The study results show that the morphing and subsidence: of the deformation and settlement curve of the ground layer of a rectangular shield pillarless tunnel conforms to the general law of the peck formula, As the grouting pressure was increased, the distortion and sedimentation of the strata decreased; as the pressure of the soil bin increased, the distortion and sedimentation of the strata increased; the larger the modulus of elasticity of the soil body is, the smaller the deformation and settlement of the ground layer is; after the reinforcement of the soil, the deformation and settlement of the ground layer in the corresponding working conditions decrease by about 75.3%, 72.5%, and the reinforcement effect is The effect of reinforcement is obvious. In the actual construction, each construction parameter should be reasonably adjusted to control the deformation of the ground layer, and the study's results may provide a reference for subsequent research.