The term working capital means the funds required for financing the duration of the operating cycle in an accounting year. Working capitals are used for regular business operations including purchase of raw materials, maintaining the production, investment in stocks and stores, payment of direct and indirect expenses and amount to be maintained in the form of cash. It represents funds with which business is carried on. The working capital is not necessarily refers to the cash available. It may be a form of near cash assets, or little further from cash.

The analytical approach of working capital management occupies an important place in financial management. Working capital management is very important part of overall financial management. The management of working capital is analogous with the management of short term financial liquidity.

In this paper a survey on Working Capital management for small scale Industries has been carried out. Importance of working capital management and its planning and organization for industries has been elaborated. Risk Return implication and Regulation of Bank credit for working capital management has been discussed. Various working capital management technique is studied based on literature survey.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new information system to Malaysia’s public transportation company, which is RapidKL Sdn. Bhd. The new information system is being proposed to the company to solve the main customers’ pain, which is buses not arriving on time due to traffic jam. Besides, customers does not have information on the movement of the buses is also another customers’ pain that ought to be solved by implementation of this system. Main function of this system is to collect data systematically, organize the data and provide relevant information later on to the users that are consist of customers and people inside the organization. By leveraging this relevant information, the company can use it to solve the main customers’ pain by providing alternative routes for the buses that are stuck in traffic congestion. Besides, customers can know precise location of the buses. In addition, customers can directly report or raise any issue regarding on buses directly to the administrative of the company. Bus drivers can also directly report any problems such as breakdown of bus or an accident happened directly to the admins for further action. The methodology of this paper is literature review on integrated public transport in developed countries utilizing ICT, Internet of Things, and observation. This paper also involves analyzing the current company business model developed by using business model canvas (BMC) tool.  The current BMC is then being challenged by using the 4-Lenses of Innovation tool with the intention of enhancing or transforming the business model, leveraging and harnessing on information systems. After analysing this company, a conceptual solution, which is an Intelligent Integrated Public Transport System, is proposed by improving the management and passenger information system. Because of this proposed system, it is expected to help the company to solve their customers’ pain.

Senior leaders realize that intelligence, information and technology (IT) will radically and quickly change how “Organization of the Future” is done in the future. New sources and uses of enterprise data and information are brought together and analyzed in new ways to transform the foundation of how organizations will operate and create value for their stakeholders. The purpose of this study is to compare a Malaysia public university with an international university which is in the top 200 QS world ranking university in terms of the (a) supply and (b) demands for IT capabilities and solutions. Literature review on the information strategic plan (ISP) and corporate strategic plan (CSP) of these two universities based on the Business-IT Maturity Model was conducted. This journal highlighted the key findings to the university of the future which is the use and implementation of IT in every aspect of learning and teaching as well as research and innovation

Teaching standards is the body of knowledge and skills that empower and transform graduates to professional teachers. Trainee teachers can use these to help learners to transform themselves by taking responsibility for their learning and apply knowledge and skills to transform their environment. Trainee teachers learn to value individual differences in learners and become conscious of the dynamic learning environment which can enrich learning. This meta-analysis focuses on the teaching standards displayed by open and distance learning post graduate students enrolled in different institutions in Zimbabwe deployed in Mashonaland East Province in 2016. Quantitative analysis using the SPSS was used to numerically describe standards displayed by students. Supervision critiques for 38 out of 200 students were assessed. Students lacked creativity with use of media, especially electronic media even, where schools were electrified. Institutions could lead in the transformation process by using latest teaching media allowing students to experiment with such media at college. Education authorities to explore ways of encouraging schools to avail latest educational technology

The Origin of Quality of work life (QWL) dates back to industrial revolution, when higher productivity was stressed to such a scale that workers were treated as machines or one can say that human factor was totally snubbed. But gradually the practices adopted to improve the QWL prospered. Considering a hypothesized situation an attempt is made to measure the Quality of Work Life of employees through its dimensions with respect to few demographic variables. From this piece of research, it is evident that the QWL of employee working in manufacturing industries is considerably appreciable

China has always maintained a friendly economic and trade cooperation with the Middle East countries, its bilateral trade and cooperative relations can be said to have a long history, especially the Sultanate of Oman, the first Middle East country to deliver oil to China. The two countries have become increasingly close and have ties that go well beyond, oil cooperation particularly with the rapid development of China's economy in recent years. The main two nations that this study is mainly focuses on are the Sultanate of Oman and China. The Sultanate of Oman is very rich in energy resources including water, oil, gas and more resources. These makes Oman become the most sensitive country in the eyes of the Chinese market. With the rapid development of Chinese economy, energy resources shortage is becoming more and more serious. In this situation, the economic and trade relations between the Sultanate of Oman and China is very solid because of complex situation in both countries, and a result, they can help each other through economic and trade relations. There are certain degrees of development opportunities but also facing challenges. Based on the discussion of the favorable factors to promote economic and trade, analyzing of the current development in economic and trade, analyzing the problems that exist and trying to give effective solutions and suggestions to further strengthen the rapid, healthy development of economic and trade relations between China and the Sultanate of Oman.

In this paper, an adjustable state estimator is introduced for estimating the dynamics of a discrete-time nonlinear system that is disturbed by a sequence of random noises. In our approach, the Kalman filtering theory, which is employed to estimate the dynamics of the linear system, is completed with adding the adjusted parameters into the model used. In this way, the differences between the real plant and the model used can be measured iteratively. On the other hand, the output, which is measured from the real plant, is fed back into the model used in order to update the sequence of the optimal state estimate in each iteration step. When the convergence is achieved, it is found that the iterative solution approaches to the true optimal solution of the original estimation problem in spite of model-reality differences. In additional, the convergent property of the adjustable state estimator is also given. For illustration, three examples are studied and the results obtained show the efficiency of the approach proposed.

This paper is a detailed study about the electric safety features in homes, laboratories and industries. It also critically checks the lab safety measures in various labs on na-tional and international standards. It also recommends proper safety and corrective actions that need to be taken. The report also contains the field work on the electronics laboratory and survey done among students on various aspects of electrical safety which provide a platform for further research.

Wireless sensor network consist of various sensor nodes that are used for the communication. These nodes are battery constraints. Energy utilization of the sensor nodes is the major challenge in the wireless sensor network. The main aim of this work is to examine the energy efficiency and the energy efficient protocols. Traditionally Q-LEACH protocol was considered as the best protocol but it too had some limitation. So in this paper a new technique is proposed for the improving the life time of the network. In this the Q-LEACH protocol is combined with the Genetic algorithm. By using the genetic algorithm the optimize route is obtained. By using the proposed algorithm the life time of the network is increased as the less amount of energy is consumed by the nodes. A comparison is done between the traditional Q-LEACH protocol and the proposed protocol. From the results obtained it is concluded that this method is better and efficient than the traditional method.

Cigarette smoking may lead to lung cancer due to the continuous deposition of nicotine alkaloids with carbon in the lungs. Nicotine degrading bacteria was isolated from soil using Nicotine as the sole carbon source. Two microbes were obtained from the soil which were already mixed with tobacco powder in the two different cigarettes grown in the Nicotine medium and named as A and B. These strains were analysed using Thin layer chromatography, The bacterial strain A showed effective degradation and so it was selected as the desired isolate. The isolates were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp. by biochemical tests. The degradation was analysed using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These results showed that the degradation was effectively done by Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp.

The objective of this paper is to test for the liquidity effect in Algeria  and Morocco using multivariate threshold autoregressive model (MVTAR) as proposed by Tsay (1998). Our empirical results have several important implications.  First, results do not support threshold behaviour in the case of Algeria. Moreover, when using M1 as a proxy of monetary policy, the liquidity effect hypothesis is rejected in this country. When using bank deposit assets (BDA), results show that there is a negative relationship between monetary shocks and interest rate, and accordingly accepting the liquidity effect. Secondly, in the case of Morocco, however, results show an asymmetric response of interest rate to positive and negative shock of monetary policy. Moreover, these results strongly support a threshold behavior when BDA is employed, while weakly supporting the same behavior using M1. Furthermore, and using the proxy of bank deposit assets, the liquidity effect is accepted in the low inflation regime, whereas it is rejected in the high inflation regime. Hence, the threshold behavior offers an interesting alternative for explaining the relationship between interest rates and monetary policy shocks. The results presented herein may give more insights on the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in different inflationary environments. Accordingly, a good inflation targeting policy would yield better results in this context. Indeed, the liquidity effect breaks down for the high inflation regime, as inflationary expectations are immediately responsive to money growth. In a low-inflation regime, however, money is not considered to be neutral, as it could affect output through the liquidity effect