Optical properties of poly alpha naphthyle acrylate  thin films was deposited on glass substrate at room temperature by using cast method technique. The films properties investigated include their transmittance, reflectance spectra, absorbance spectra, extinction coefficient, optical conductivity and complex dielectric constant. The optical constants such as refractive index n the dispersion energy Ed the oscillation energy E0 the light frequency dielectric constant and energy bang gap Eg have been determined by reflection spectra in the wavelength range (200-1100) nm.

Green marketing has enabled for the re-marketing and packaging of existing products which already adhere to such guidelines. Consumers and manufacturers have directed their attention toward environment friendly like low power consuming (energy efficient) electrical appliances, organic food, recyclable paper, and phosphate free detergents. Consumers through their concern are interested in integrating environmental issues in their purchasing decision through their incorporation into the process and content of the marketing strategy for whatever product may be required. As environmental concerns have increased, consumer’s buying behavior related with green products is changing. Now the consumer is aware about environmentally safe products.

This paper discusses how Indian consumers behavior is changing rapidly towards the usage of  green products. Indian consumers are also concern with how they can live a more eco-friendly existence

In the pioneering work Sur PK & Das PK (2012a ) , Das PK & Sur PK ( 2012b),  observed that leaf extract of Barleria lupulina (BLPE) has anti-clastogenic, anti-tumor, radio-protective and anti-cancer activities in mice and fish. In the present study we assessed the ameliorating effect of the leaf extract on γ-ray (dose = 1.2Gy) induced mitotic chromosomal aberrations of house musk shrew Suncus murinus. The shrews were divided into three sets i.e. BLPE pre-treated series (SET I), γ-irradiated Control Series (SET II) and BLPE post-treated series (SET III). Cytogenetic studies from the bone marrow cells were carried out by colchicine-citrate-flame-drying technique. Different types of structural chromosomal aberrations were observed and studied. Maximum chromosomal aberrations were observed after 16 hr of γ-irradiation (10.25%) in SET II animals, whereas that for SET I it was 5.28% and for SET III it was 3.16%, in the same time interval. Total aberrations were 5.16%, 6.82% and 3.08% for SET I, SET II and SET III respectively. Therefore BLPE was found to show 54.83% ameliorating effect in shrew Suncus murinus.

for decades, research and studies have demonstrated that heavy television-viewing may lead to serious health consequences. Now the American medical community, which has long-voiced its concerns about the nations epidemic of violence, TV addiction and the passive, sedentary nature of TV-watching, is taking a more activist stance, demonstrated by its endorsement of National TV-Turnoff Week. 

There is no definition of television addiction on which all researchers agree. But people who call themselves ''television addicts,'' studies find, watch television twice as much as the average viewer. One study found that self-described addicts watched an average of 56 hours a week; the A. C. Nielsen Company reports the average for adults is just above 30 hours a week.

Recent studies have found that 2 to 12 percent of viewers see themselves as addicted to television: they feel unhappy watching as much as they do, yet seem powerless to stop themselves.

The aim of this paper is to create a simulation model to examine the residual stresses and cutting forces induced by orthogonal machining in the finished work piece by MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) and the model is validated by comparing it with experimental result. The finite element method is used to simulate and analyze the residual stresses induced by an orthogonal metal cutting process. The Johnson-Cook material model is used to describe the work material behaviour and fully coupled thermal- stress analysis are combined to realistically simulate high speed machining with an orthogonal cutting. Finite Element modelling of Residual stresses and resultant surface properties induced by round edge cutting tools is performed as case studies for high speed orthogonal machining of 20NiCrMo5 steel. As a conclusion we can say that results from 2D simulations are very close to the experimental results at the surface level, but there is bit difference when we go down in the material. In 3D simulation, results agree with the experimental values in all levels. Hence we can say that it is possible to model residual stresses, induced by orthogonal machining with accepted amount of accuracy.

Musculoskeletal disorders in developing countries are considered as main cause of occupational disorders and disability and highly associated with socioeconomic burden to individual, organization and society in general view. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and associated risk factors among shoe manufacturing workers. In a cross-sectional study, 47 questionnaires were provided from 247 randomly selected workers of production department of one of the Ethiopian shoe manufacturing company. Data of musculoskeletal disorders was gathered by means of structured questionnaire. Demographic and work related data were collected into the check list. Out of 47 individuals, 47 questionnaires returned and mean age of study workers was 32.2 years old. Leg pains, work postures discomforts are most common musculoskeletal disorders and environmental problem due chemical substances and dehydration are also found more. Musculoskeletal disorders in Ethiopian shoe manufacturing companies happened in high rate. Ergonomic interventions strategies into the workplaces must be focused to eliminate environmental hazards. Proper ergonomic workplace design is necessary to prevent repetitive strain injuries and other musculoskeletal disorders, which can develop over time and can lead to long-term disability. Musculoskeletal disorders had significant association with the job time of work. Improvements in ergonomics improve quality and operators productivity.

Welding is a basic manufacturing process for making components or assemblies. Research on welding of materials like steel is still critical and ongoing. Welding input parameters play a very significant role in determining the quality of a weld joint. The gas metal arc welding parameters are the most important factors affecting the quality, productivity and cost of welding in many industrial operations. The aim of this study is to investigate the optimization process parameters for metal inert gas welding for 6mm mild steel plate work piece using Taguchi method to formulate the statistical experimental design using semi-automatic welding machine. Experimental study was conducted at Bishoftu Automotive Engineering Industry, Bishoftu, Ethiopia. This paper presents the influence of three welding parameters (control factors) like welding current (Amp.), wire speed/feed rate (mm/min.), and shielding carbon dioxide gas pressure flow rate (lit./min.) with two different levels for variability in the welding strength. The objective function have been chosen in relation to parameters of metal inert gas welding i.e. final welding quality (better, medium and bad) and minimum number of defects in final products. Eight experimental runs based on an L8 orthogonal array Taguchi method were performed. An orthogonal array, signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance are employed to investigate the welding characteristics of mild steel plate and used in order to obtain optimum levels for every input parameter at 95% confidence level. The optimal parameters setting was found is arc strength (A2), wire speed (B1), and gas pressure flow rate (CO2) within the constraints of the production process. Finally the twelve conformations welding tests have been carried out to compare the predicated values with the experimental values confirm its effectiveness in the analysis of weld quality in final products. It is found that welding wire speed has major influence on quality of welded joints. Experimental result for optimum setting gave better quality welding condition than preliminary setting. This study is valuable for different material and thickness variation of welding plate for Ethiopian industries.

Reversible logic has received great attention in the recent years due to their ability to reduce the power dissipation which is the main requirement in low power electronic devices. In this paper FPGA based Digital PWM (DPWM) is developed for power converters in low power applications using Verilog HDL coding and simulated using Modelsim. The advancement in VLSI designs helps particularly portable device technologies by increasing high computation requirements, leading to the design of faster, smaller and more complex electronic systems. Also the use of RL gates reduces the transient delay, improving the switching frequency. High switching frequency optimizes the size of power converters. The implemented digital PWM generator using an FPGA utilizes less memory usage and provides flexible PWM patterns. The simulated result shows an alternative approach to the digital PWM generation by using RL Gates which achieves less consumption of power and area. The resolution and gain of the PWM remain constant regardless of the module clock frequency and PWM output frequency.