Wetlands, either constructed or natural, offer a cheaper and low-cost alternative technology for wastewater treatment. A constructed wetland system that is specifically engineered for water quality improvement as a primary purpose is termed as a ‘Constructed Wetland Treatment System’ (CWTS). In the past, many such systems were constructed to treat low volumes of wastewater loaded with easily degradable organic matter for isolated populations in urban areas. However, widespread demand for improved receiving water quality, and water reclamation and reuse, is currently the driving force for the implementation of CWTS all over the world. Recent concerns over wetland losses have generated a need for the creation of wetlands, which are intended to emulate the functions and values of natural wetlands that have been destroyed. Natural characteristics are applied to CWTS with emergent macrophyte stands that duplicate the physical, chemical and biological processes of natural wetland systems. The number of CWTS in use has very much increased in the past few years. The use of constructed wetlands is gaining rapid interest. Most of these systems cater for tertiary treatment from towns and cities. They are larger in size, usually using surface-flow system to remove low concentration of nutrient (N and P) and suspended solids. However, in some countries, these constructed wetland treatment systems are usually used to provide secondary treatment of domestic sewage for village populations. These constructed wetland systems have been seen as an economically attractive, energy-efficient way of providing high standards of wastewater treatment.

Typically, wetlands are constructed for one or more of four primary purposes: creation of habitat to compensate for natural wetlands converted for agriculture and urban development, water quality improvement, flood control, and production of food and fiber (constructed aquaculture wetlands).

This paper aims at developing an effective spare parts inventory management system at a local Palestinian distributor having an agency for a certain brand of auto spare parts. A set of spare parts is considered in the analysis by firstly classifying them into ABC classification based on real historical sales date. Proper forecasting models are derived for each category to estimate the future demand of each item. Then, estimates of relevant costs are identified for each category of spare parts items. Respective optimal ordering policies (with optimal order quantities and optimal ordering times) based on Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) models are determined such that the total annual spare parts inventory cost is minimized. A comparison with the current ordering policies adopted by the distributor with the ones obtained in by EOQ models is conducted where the EOQ-based policies outperform the current ones through yielding lower total annual inventory costs.

Beam Steering is one of the most important sections in efficient working of any radar. Electronic beam steering has been the most successful scheme so far in radar. Electronic scanning can be implemented in three ways: phase scanning, time delay scanning and frequency scanning. Phase shifters play a vital role in establishing beam steering using electronic scanning. However phase shifters like ferrites, TWT, delay line etc are narrowband systems. Thus we propose to provide steering of beam without the use of phase shifters, hence eliminating the problems associated with it. The new scheme investigated in this thesis is based on pattern control of antenna array by controlling the excitations of each element with any use of phase shifters.  This concept of controlling the beam using excitations of elements has been first derived in the form of equations and then the same is simulated using MATLAB. Conceptually, time, range and angle dependent electronic scanning is achieved by introducing progressing small frequency shifts among the antenna elements. The simulation results for the same are obtained and verified.

Bacterial Blight of Coffee caused by Pseudomonas syringae pathovar garcae is a major concern due to high incidence and severity in Arabica coffee being responsible for crop losses of more than 30%. Although resistance to BBC was not factored in the breeding programs of elite varieties, disease resistant varieties reduce the cost of production and offer an environmentally safe management. The objective of the study was to identify coffee genotypes with resistance to BBC. Twenty four coffee genotypes were screened for resistance using 4 BBC isolates collected from different regions.Inoculation was done with a drop of approximately 10 µl of the isolates suspension (109 CFU/ml) using injection method on 4 months old seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a Complete Randomized Design. Disease symptoms were scored using a scale of 1 to 5 and the data subjected to analysis of variance and effect declared significant at 5% level. The results revealed significant difference among the coffee genotypes with Rume Sudan being the most resistant. There was no significant virulence effect observed on three isolates although one isolate was different.

Gossypol is a polyphenolic highly toxic compound found mainly in cotton plant. Cotton seed is a rich source of oil and of good quality protein. Gossypol’s presence in cotton seed meal makes the meal unfit for consumption both for human being and animal feed due to its toxicity. In order to supplement protein content of the feed, defatted cotton seed meal is used in regulated quantities only. The consumption of cottonseed in excess quantities may lead to severe health problems and even lead to the death of the animal. Similarily, the raw cottonseed oil is also unsuitable in food application. The oil is usable after thorough refining only so that the gossypol is removed.  On the other hand, gossypol when present in the cotton plant is reported to work as a natural defense system to protect the plant from insects, pests and diseases. Additionally, gossypol has been found to be useful as a male contraceptive in China. It also possess antiseptic, antiviral, antimalerial, antiatoptotic and antipsoritic activity. Recent interest is shown by scientists in gossypol as an anti-cancer drug. Gossypol is reported to be a precious compound due to its diversified uses in medicine, pharmaceutical, plastic, pesticide and various other applications. The present paper enumerates availability, chemical properties, toxicity and uses associated with gossypol.

With the progression of information technology combined with the need for high security, the application of biometric as identification and recognition method has received special attention. Face recognition is one of biometric methods, to identify given face image using main features of face. In this paper, an algorithm based on ANN (Artificial Neural Networks) and ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) is presented combining the computational capability of ANN and IF-THEN rules of ANN. ANN, ANFIS, and proposed method were applied to 200 face images from faces96 dataset. While ANN and ANFIS had very good results, the proposed method yields 97.1 % of classification accuracy, which indicates efficiency of the algorithm.

Now days increasing huge energy demand and increased alertness of people towards the healthiness in developing countries like India are some of driving forces for the development of new technology and saving of energy. The law of conservation has become requirement in today’s world, mainly in all new technology. In many of rolling applications maximum energy is lost during deceleration or braking. This problem has been fixed with the introduction of kinetic energy recovery system. Kinetic Energy Recovery System (K.E.R.S) is a type of regenerative braking system which has different approaches to store and reuse the lost energy. This paper gives an idea about a flywheel based kinetic energy recovery system (K.E.R.S) concept by showing the application of the same on a bicycle to improve the performance and and/or efficiency of the bicycle. Thus this is nothing but humanly powered machine. Flywheel rotor design is the key of researching and developing flywheel energy storage system. Thus this paper represents a literature report reviewing the human power flywheel motor as well as the flywheel design

With the deepening of the reform of college curriculum,we set a course to train  application ability as the goal, to define the necessary basic knowledge according to professional needs, and we rely on the professional system as the basis, these are helpful for students to master mathematics and practical skills.

Analytic Geometry is an integral part of mathematics , the basic idea is to use algebraic methods to solve geometry problems. We put the vector as a tool, we use the coordinates to present the points, we expresss space curves and surfaces with the equations, we discuss the formation of space curves and surfaces, natures of the graphics, and the relationship between the graphics .These above are the main content of Analytic Geometry.

Teaching methods and assessment methods are constantly adjusted since I have been on this course.In this paper,combined with my own practice,teaching methods will be discussed to look forword to exploring better teaching methods.

This paper provides an empirical analysis on the role of financial integration on economic growth via channel of financial development. Our empirical investigation on a sample of three Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) and, using panel data analysis for the period 1980-2012. The estimation results show that the liberalization of the capital account is a good factor to promote economic growth, but only in those economies whose financial sector has reached a certain level of development.